Learning Objectives

Explain the hierarchical strategy linking in-vitro screening, in-vivo confirmation, and mechanistic study.Describe the principal antioxidant, antimicrobial,...

• Explain the hierarchical strategy linking in-vitro screening, in-vivo confirmation, and mechanistic study.
• Describe the principal antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory assay platforms used in herbal research.
• Explain how hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and immunomodulatory activity are pharmacologically evaluated.
• Describe the MTT assay and the selectivity index concept in herbal anticancer screening.
• Explain the role of toxicological evaluation in establishing the safety of a candidate herbal drug.